The disease currently is managed by the use of a seed coating agent amulet. Height reduction of up to 64 sweetcorn varieties by s. Clinton and sorosporium reilianum kuhn mcalpine, is an important sorghum disease that has been reported from all parts of the world where sorghum is grown. Head smut caused by sphacelotheca reiliana occurred in 19801983 in only four counties in north central minnesota. The identification of two head smut resistancerelated qtl in. Genome wide association analysis of sorghum mini core. Meng fanxiang 1998 found a good maize inbred line he 344 with resistance to maize northern blight setosphaeria turcica, head smut sphacelotheca reiliana, o. Diseases of maize downy mildewcrazy top sorghum downy mildew peronosclerospora sorghi phlippine downy mildew peronosclerospora philippinensis crazy top sclerophthora macrospora symptoms the most characteristic symptom is. Head smut maize sphacelotheca reiliana, ustilago maydis gray leaf spot maize cercospora zeamaydis maize leaf blight drechslera turcicum stalk rot ear rot maize fusarium graminearum, f. Sporisorium reilianum is noted to have a sexual stage in its disease cycle similar to that of ustilago maydis. Physiologic specialization of sphacelotheca reiliana to sorghum and. A, belated development of covered kernel smut of sorghum in axillary heads of sagrain. It has become a major constraint in seed production areas as the spores it produces adhere to and contaminate seeds. It grows through the plant as a dikaryotic hypha formed between.
Cultural control and sanitary methods the survival of ustiloospores of s. The galls are covered by a very fragile membrane that breaks early and easily. Sphacelotheca definition of sphacelotheca by the free. Clinton, is a widespread and economically important disease of maize. Head smut, caused by the fungus sphacelotheca reiliana kuhn clint, is a devastating threat to maize production. Mid this article has been rated as midimportance on the. Cn105659978a method for preventing and treating corn head. The identification of two head smut resistancerelated qtl. Sporisorium reilianum causes the diseases maize head smut and sorghum head smut. In this study, qtl mapping of head smut resistance was performed using a recombinant inbred line ril population from a cross between a resistant line qi319 and a susceptible line huangzaosi hzs with a genetic map constructed from genotypingby. Information and translations of genus sphacelotheca in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Seed health summary notes university of nairobi personal. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.
On carrot agar form i attacking pink kafir but not milo or. Definition of genus sphacelotheca in the definitions. Sphacelotheca genus of smut fungus genus sphacelotheca smut fungus, smut any fungus of the order ustilaginales family ustilaginaceae. Diseases of maize downy mildewcrazy top sorghum downy mildew peronosclerospora sorghi phlippine downy mildew peronosclerospora philippinensis crazy top sclerophthora macrospora symptoms the most characteristic symptom is the development of chlorotic streaks on the leaves. Genome wide association analysis of sorghum mini core lines. This article is within the scope of wikiproject fungi, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of fungi on wikipedia. Covered smut is transmitted by seed contaminated by spores noble et al. Sphacelotheca synonyms, sphacelotheca pronunciation, sphacelotheca translation, english dictionary definition of sphacelotheca. Jan 09, 2014 smut sphacelotheca reiliana study using illumina maize snp 50 array. Effects of an environmentally friendly seed coating agent. It is a plant pathogen that infects maize and sorghum. This soil borne smut fungus has two formae speciales. The grain smut or covered smut of jowar is caused by s. Most browsers are initially set up to accept cookies, since this is required by most website owners in order to access their sites.
This sorus, or smut body, is composed of millions of ustilospores when mature. Information and translations of sphacelotheca in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Genome wide association studies seminar linkedin slideshare. Ma yisheng liaoning academy of agricultural sciences.
The reactions of 8 physiologic races on 10 differential sorghum varieties are tabulated by tarr 1962, p. A public file, containing the nonconfidential stakeholder comment and technical documentation will be established on this ira. This specie was detected in eighth provinces on canilla, fr28, tuson, tgh, p7928 varieties. Symptoms include the formation of a sorus which completely replaces the inflorescence and dwarfing of the plant to the appearance of partially. Head smut is a disease of corn found in the major corn growing areas of europe and the united states. An sphacelotheca reiliana in uska species han fungi in nahilalakip ha divisio nga basidiomycota, ngan nga syahan ginhulagway ni julius gotthelf kuhn, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni george perkins clinton hadton 1902. The present invention relates to a formulation comprising a at least one pesticide.
The rap will notify stakeholders when the public file has been established. Realtime pcr analysis of maize seedlings for assessment of. Insights from the genome of the biotrophic fungal plant. Generation and control on head smut of corn in wanxian. Head smut, caused by the fungus sphacelotheca reiliana kuhn clint, constitutes a devastating threat to maize production, especially in regions with low temperatures or at high latitude 12. Head smut attacks both corn and sorghums, being more common on the latter.
Evaluation of fungicides enestroburin and syp1620 on their. In northern china, head smut incidence varied from 7. Ao is ethyleneoxy, propyleneoxy or a mixture of ethyleneoxy and propyleneoxy. In russia, growing barley for 2 years after continuous maize greatly reduced infection by s. Abstract in cuba, during last years maize have been gained in importance, cropped areas with this cereal have been increased from 74 604 ha in 1990 to 185 922 ha in 2014. We sequenced two isolates each representing puccinia striiformis f. Symptoms are not evident until plants reach reproductive stages. It is well adapted to its host and proliferates in living plant tissue without. The line had high combining ability and has been used as a parent in several lines. Cookies are small text files that contain a string of characters and uniquely identifies a browser.
They are sent to a computer by website operators or third parties. The fungus infects corn plants during the early vegetative stages and grows systemically in the plant. The public file will be held at aqis canberra office and will be available to stakeholders during business hours for perusal and copying. Pdf in vitro influence of selected fungicides on sphacelotheca. Symptoms consist of conspicuous galls that replace ears or tassels. Cao ruhuai wang xiaoling ren jianhua nan chenghuinstitute of crop germplasm resowrce,shanxi academy of agricultural science. Spherical or ellipsoidal, tinted, smooth teliospores are 4. Pdf head smut of maize caused by sphacelotheca reiliana j. Disease incidence in the resistant parent pr was 0% to 4%, and 83% to 96% in the susceptible parent ps. Sphacelotheca reiliana, also known as sporisorium reilianum, is a species of biotrophic fungus. A new distribution map is provided for sphacelotheca reiliana kuhn clint. All the three fungicides inhibited mycelial growth of sphacelotheca reiliana, phytophthora infestans, peronophythora litchi, and magnaporthe oryzae, with ec 50 values ranging from 0. Uniform application to seed is necessary to ensure seed safety and best disease protection.
We do not use these to store personal information about you. Species scientific name, diseases common names, glossary, crops. Head smut of maize caused by sphacelotheca reiliana j. Susceptibility of maize inbreds and incidence of symptomless.
However, the genomic basis of their host adaptation, especially at the forma specialis level, remains unclear. This disease exists in many major maize growing regions and the disease incidence is rising. The journal covers all branches of pureapplied science and technology such as physics, chemistry, life sciences, medicine, earth sciences, engineering and technology. Sphacelotheca reiliana, head smut basf maize head smut male inflorescence of maizeinfected by head smut. Classified candidate genes as resistant genes, disease response genes and other genes. The invention also relates to application of penflufen in preventing and treating corn head smut, wherein about 15 g to 72 g of penflufen is applied. Inheritance of resistance to head smut disease in corn in. The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating corn head smut due to sphacelotheca reiliana. Sphacelotheca reiliana, showing shredded vestiges of the vascular system of the host panicle. In this study, qtl mapping of head smut resistance was performed using a recombinant inbred line ril population from a cross between a resistant line qi319 and a susceptible line huangzaosi hzs with a genetic map constructed from genotypingbysequencing gbs data.
In rare instances, a publisher has elected to have a zero moving wall, so. Institute of plant protection, academy of agricultural sciences of jilin province, gongzhuling 6100, china. The causal agent is sphacelotheca reiliana, a fungus that attacks corn plants sporadically throughout the field, invading some plants, but leaving others unaffected. Head smut, caused by the fungus sphacelotheca reiliana. Categorization of sphacelotheca reiliana sphtre this website uses cookies our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible online experience. Country phytosanitary requirements, seed free from. Ec 50 of syp1620 was significantly lower than that of azoxystrobin and enestroburin on valsa mali, gaeumannomyces graminis, alternaria solani. In india, three species of the genus attack jowar plants causing serious diseases. The spores are more or less intact threadlike strands of vascular bundles, giving the spore masses a stringy appearance. Clinton in cuba article pdf available april 2016 with 271 reads how we measure reads. In several maize fields from different provinces, plants with deformed male.
The plant, however, was infected with the smut organism as evidenced by the production of. About 15 g to 72 g of penflufen is applied per 100 kg of seeds, preferably about 24 g to 48 g per 100 kg of corn seeds. Separate phy siologic races occur on corn and on sorg hums. Studies on the resistance to sorghum varieties head smut and its inheritancej. Head smut caused by sporisorium holcisorghi synonyms s. Head smut in corn sphacelotheca reiliana introduction head smut is a disease of corn found in the major corn growing areas of europe and the united states. Seed must be sound and well cured before treatment. It is well adapted to its host and proliferates in living plant tissue without inducing a defence response. The causal agent is sphacelotheca reiliana, a fungus. Sphacelotheca reiliana, head smut basf maize head smut spikes of maize infected by head smut. Agroatlas diseases sphacelotheca cruenta kuhn potter. Pdf head smut of maize caused by sphacelotheca reiliana. Sphacelotheca reiliana, also known as sporisorium reilianum, is a species of biotrophic fungus in the family microbotryaceae. Genomic insights into host adaptation between the wheat.
Sphacelotheca reiliana memidex dictionarythesaurus. Factors affecting the development of head smut caused by sphacelotheca reiliana on corn. The loose smut of sorghum is caused by the fungus sphacelotheca cruenta which forms teliospores hibernating stage of the pathogen and sporidia in its life cycle. Stress conditions during the first ffni wees after planting may increase the incidence of head smut. Realtime pcr analysis of maize seedlings for assessment. In resistance trials in 198 1 and 1982, 56% of 238 inbreds and hybrids had at least 5% smutted plants.
Morphological characteristics of smut isolates agree with those reported for sphacelotheca reiliana. Continuing to use this website means you agree to our use of cookies. Ustilago maydis is an important fungal pathogen of maize, causing corn smut. Aug i f 2014 united states environmental protection agency. Soilborne spores germinate and penetrate the nodal region of the shoot apex. Draft notification of department of agriculture re. Plpaco01002 head smut of corn symptoms head smut is a systemic disease of corn that starts at seedling stage, and remains asymptomatic until the plant reaches its reproductive stage. It is unknown why the two formae speciales cannot form spores on their respective nonfavored hosts. The moving wall represents the time period between the last issue available in jstor and the most recently published issue of a journal.
Smut sphacelotheca reiliana study using illumina maize snp 50 array. An sphacelotheca reiliana in nahilalakip ha genus nga sphacelotheca, ngan familia nga microbotryaceae. Infected plants were consistently stunted whether sori occurred on the ears only or on ears and tassels. It has caused significant yield losses in areas such as heilongjiang, jilin and liaoning. Start this article has been rated as startclass on the projects quality scale. Complete inhibition the germination of teliospores and sporidia sphacelotheca reiliana caused grapefruit extract, benomyl, carboxin and thiram. Fungicide control of head smut sporisorium reilianum of sweetcorn. Smut expression and resistance of corn to sphacelotheca reiliana in minnesota. The inoculum for these tests was prepared in two ways. The three recently discovered physiological forms of covered kernel smut of sorghum sphacelotheca sorghi, a preliminary note on which has already been published r. Plant fungal pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt to new environmental conditions in response to sudden changes of host populations in agroecosystems. Study on the mixed damage and economic threshold caused by sphacelotheca reiliana, curvularia lunata and ostrinia furnacalisj.
Sphacelotheca reiliana, head smut bayer maize head smut male inflorescence of maize infected by head smut. Sorosporium reilianum, ustilago reiliana, sporisorium holcisorghi. Cn105659978a method for preventing and treating corn. The primary panicle was not smutted when it emerged from the boot.
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